Frederick Douglass Fight For Freedom History Essay

Frederick Douglass Fight For Freedom History Essay In his discourse, The Hypocrisy of American Slavery, Frederick Douglass implements his principle idea of imbalance in the country and the mercilessness of bondage. Douglass persevered through an unpleasant adolescence of servitude in Maryland without the nearness or help from his folks. From the earliest starting point of his life, Douglass thought nothing about the whereabouts of his dad in any case what his identity was and scarcely ever observed his mom. During an extreme time of a country swarmed with isolation and imbalance, Douglass applied to his lord to reserve the option to look for some kind of employment for himself. During work, he devised an arrangement to get away from subjection. After a fruitful escape, Douglass helped the Underground Railroad. As of now, the nation was in incredible need of progress. Certain chronicled occasions that happened during the timespan, for example, the Compromise of 1850, and Douglasss rough educational encounters as a slave are applied to help outline the discourse and pass on how African Americans feel on Independence Day. Through a tone advancing from sincere to provocative and the utilization of facetious inquiries, scriptural references, and plays on words, the conveyance of The Hypocrisy of American Slavery viably delivers a consciousness of the disintegration of the country, the imbalance among races and uncovers how African Americans are influenced by the unforgiving treatment they get to help convince the crowd that subjection must be abrogated. The Compromise of 1850 and Douglasss life as a slave during this time are significant elements that help shape Douglasss discourse. To help please the country, The Compromise of 1850 was passed trying to abrogate and control servitude. The report expresses that it is inexpedient to abrogate subjugation in the District of Columbia while that foundation keeps on existing in the State of Maryland㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ (Compromise). This influenced Douglass contrarily just as different states in America in light of the fact that as long as Maryland acknowledged subjection, different spots were not permitted to annul it. To Douglass, this was unjustifiable and added to his thinking on why he addressed the open underlining the need of a free country. Douglass carried on a decent piece of his life in Maryland and needed to bear the difficult existence of a slave since he didn't live in a free state. As a youngster, Frederick Douglass didn't get the chance to carry on with an extravagance life like whites. In a portion from his novel he composes I never observed my mom, to know her in that capacity, more than four or multiple times throughout my life; and every one of these occasions was short in term, and around evening time (Frederick, Being). Douglass never got the chance to have a relationship with his folks in this way compelling him to grow up quicker. Essentially, it made him a more grounded individual at long last. He got split up from his mom in light of senseless things like the shade of his skin. Later in his discourse, Douglass references these senseless things by alluding to America as a darker country which is a play on words among race and the status of the country. The African Americans of the crowd are enamored by the discourse as they identify with the regular battles persevered. Additionally, Douglass was instructed about religion when he was youthful which elucidated his continuous utilization of scriptural implications. He expresses that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦if their expansion do no other great, it will do away the power of the contention, that God reviled Ham, and in this manner American subjection is correct (Frederick, Being). Things relating to God were consistently present in his life which clarifies his utilization of scriptural implications. These scriptural references engaged his crowd that contained Christians. Likewise, the superfluous cases towards why servitude is adequate are perceived. The entirety of this data about history and Douglasss life are significant segments when understanding Douglasss reason for giving his discourse. Douglasss encounters of anguish and abuse alongside being solicited by the main residents from Rochester on Independence Day drove him to his exigency. He energetically communicates his sentiments about the existence he suffered during subjection in a passage of an amazing story: I state, let him place himself in my circumstance without home or companions without cash or credit-needing cover, and nobody to give it-needing bread, and no cash to get it, and simultaneously let him feel that he is sought after by hardhearted men-tracker, and in absolute haziness regarding what to do, where to go, or where to remain,- completely vulnerable both concerning the methods for resistance and ways to get out,- amidst bounty, yet enduring the horrible gnawings of yearning,- amidst houses, yet having no home,- among individual men, yet feeling as though amidst wild brutes, whose eagerness to gobble up the trembling and half-hungry criminal is just approached by that with which the beasts of the profound gobble up the defenseless fish whereupon they die down,- I state, let him be set in this most difficult circumstance,- the circumstance wherein I was put,- at that point, and not till at that point, will he completely welcome the difficulties of, and realize how to identify with, the work worn and whip-scarred outlaw slave. (Frederick, Narrative) Now in his life it is apparent that he is as of now tired of the battles of yearning and vagrancy alongside the rights he couldn't appreciate. Frederick Douglass was at last prepared to express his real thoughts to the dim world. Another purpose behind his exigency is the idea of opportunity. Frederick Douglass was in support of Lincolns platform㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦free soil, free men, and free work (Abolition). Realizing that might turn into the result of his endeavors, he was immediately enthused to convey his discourse. The general idea that drove him to give the discourse was the chance of a superior future for him just as the whole country and to convince his crowd at Corinthian Hall in Rochester that subjection must be canceled. Douglass starts with a sincere tone and obliging style to speak to his crowds sentiments and utilizations non-serious inquiries to get everybody pondering the issues between the countries need of opportunity and equity. Toward the beginning of his discourse he proclaims Fellow residents, over your national, wild bliss, I hear the sorrowful howl of millions, whose chains, overwhelming and unfortunate yesterday, are today rendered all the more deplorably by the glad yells the contact them? (Douglass). Douglass utilizes pleasant words that stand out from cruel words like individual residents, to facilitate the earnestness of the basic references to servitude. Facetious inquiries were fused into his discourse to cause his crowd to feel responsible for the extraordinarily required balance and opportunity in the country. In particular, he solicits Are the incredible standards from political opportunity and of regular equity, epitomized in the Declaration of Independence, stretched out to u s? (Douglass). This one inquiry powers everybody to consider what rights exist in the country and what their identity is stretched out to. Additionally, Frederick Douglass got tired of the imbalance of the country due to race. He communicates that This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may cheer, I should grieve (Douglass). He feels emphatically about the lack of interest of the country and its status between the opportunity and rights stretched out to all individuals. Douglass raises an admirable sentiment that the Declaration ensures the privileges of Life, Liberty and the quest for Happiness and that slaves are not all blacks are favored to appreciate these. Douglasss first 50% of his discourse enamored his crowd and empowered him to move to progressively genuine issues. The discourse before long moves to a vexed tone as Douglass explains the hindrances of bondage and utilizations scriptural references to call attention to the bad form of the abuse of slaves. Douglass becomes disturbed when he grumbles Must I contend that a framework in this manner set apart with blood and recolored with contamination isn't right? No I won't. I have better work for my time and quality than such contentions would suggest (Douglass). Douglass continuously turns out to be progressively energetic with his words as he gets irritated. He states here that it is absurd for individuals to not see how genuinely wrong subjugation is and trusts it is a reminder to everyone. Next, he utilizes scriptural references to identify with the crowd. While referencing the demonstration of narrow minded men that would not cheer when slaves are free, he suggests that I am not that man. In the event that that, the idiotic may smoothly talk, and the faltering man jump as a hart (Douglass). Th e importance behind this scriptural reference is that a man is mended by God and afterward jumps like a deer. Douglass recognizes that he would be the one to cheer when slaves were at last free. Certain references that originate from the Bible identify with everybody since it brings up the abuse of slaves and reminds everybody that God would not affirm of this shamefulness. The two his tone and his references have changed to be progressively unforgiving and undesirable. Finally, the tone is moved to sound provocative and Douglass utilizes quips so as to bring up the status of the country because of race. Douglasss tone gets pompous towards his crowd when he starts to raise similitudes among blacks and whites to demonstrate that they are equivalent. He infers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦that we are occupied with all the ventures basic to other men-diving gold in California, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦feeding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦cattle on the slope, living, moving, acting, thinking, arranging, living in the families as spouses, wives, and kids, or more all, admitting and revering the Christian God㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦-we are called upon to demonstrate that we are men? (Douglass). Douglasss inductive contention keeps on fusing references to God and facetious inquiries. These things redundantly help the crowd to think to remember what they can do to change the country since God would not affirm of such conduct. At last, Douglass keenly joins a quip into his discourse. He reasons I don't s top for a second to announce, with my entire existence, that the character and direct

The Significance of the Abrahamic Covenant for Israel and Its Impact Research Paper

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The Middle Ages Essay Thesis Example For Students

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An ambitions individual with hero-like characteristics set foot and conquered the Anglo-Saxons and started Britain on its journey to modernism. Thus, the tide was set in motion for a new government and a civilized race. A monarchy was established, and the Middle ages began in roughly 975 AD (Vinogradoff, p 18). Feudal Life In the Medieval Period, life was either very great or very bad, according to your class. Only 2 classes existed during this time: the nobles, such as kings and knights who lived inside the castle, or the peasants, such as working-class people who lived in often unspeakable conditions. The peasants treated the nobles with the utmost respect, for if they didnt, then the nobles could have them beheaded. (Sanders, p 34). The nobles were almost always the ones who owned land, and the peasants worked on this land in exchange for a small portion of it, in a sense, rented out in exchange for the labor. Peasants often worked 16-hour days as long as they could see into the nighttime and got very bad nourishment. The noble was not interested in the health of the peasants working on his land, as there was a significant supply of others who were very willing to take his or her place. Women had a very difficult position in society during the Middle Ages. The feudal age was known for its superstitions, and women were often convicted of witchcraft and burned at the stake. Some of the more lucky women held professions of there own, such as blacksmiths, carpenters, and apothecaries. Most, however, stayed home and defended the house against intruders, both animal and human. Most actually died before the age of 25 due to malnutrition. (Sanders, p 36). Homes In the Middle Ages, housing was inadequate, sometimes even nonexistent for the lower class. Peasants lived in a world of filth. It is a miracle that they had pulled through to work another day on the nobles land. (Vinogradoff, p 25). Peasants who were lucky to have nobles that had buildings on their land often slept with the livestock, and the floor was littered with filth and rubbish. Nobles did little for improving the peasants living conditions, and they often did cruel and inhumane things to them if they refused to work one day due to illness. (Vinogradoff, p 40). The noble way of lifestyle is not as rich and extravagant as newer royalty families lived. However, they did have many things that the peasant class did not. The floors were often much cleaner than the livestock-filled rooms in which the peasants lived, and they were tiled too, producing a primitive decorating style for each ruler. Tapestries made from great fabric types were hung throughout the stone walls of the castles in which the upper class lived. .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff , .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .postImageUrl , .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff , .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff:hover , .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff:visited , .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff:active { border:0!important; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff:active , .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58321623b3a510f517247dab85a426ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Elements of fiction EssayThe kitchen was often the center room, with the fireplace serving for its uses as a cooking place and a heating place. Bedrooms started appearing in nobles castles around 1050AD, which significantly increased the lifespan of an adult noble due to the fact that they received more rest than they had before and the bones in their spine were correctly aligned and would not break as easily. (Lemonick, Dorfman, para. 4). Religion A great increase in the followers of different religious beliefs had been born in the Middle Ages. Kings and others often said that if they were king, then they would rid the town of evil and drive the entire kingdom to happiness with God, which was false propaganda. As for the religious people themselves, they existed in very large numbers. Monasteries in the Middle Ages were based on the rules set down by St. Benedict in the sixth century. The monks became known as Benedictines and took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience to their leaders. They were required to perform manual labor and were forbidden to own property, leave the monastery, or become entangled in the concerns of society. Daily tasks were often carried out in silence. Monks and their female counterparts, nuns, who lived in convents, provided for the less-fortunate members of the community. Monasteries and nunneries were safe havens for pilgrims and other travelers. (Vinogradoff, p 71). Monks visited the chapel at least 8 times a day, and fasted when necessary. They often told the people that what they had originally believed to be true was false because a new ruler had taken the throne. Kings often instructed monks to change the teachings of the church to coincide with their method of rule. Monks gave in; they had everything to lose because the king could banish them from the community. Arts and Entertainment Perhaps the things that we remember most about any time period are its significant forms of entertainment and art. The Middle Ages are definitely remembered for its unique art and entertainment forms, some of which are still in use today. Towards the end of the middle ages, people sought the need to be constantly busy. When they were not busy, they had to find something to occupy their time or they would go insane. Thus, modern entertainment had been defined. Juggling became a popular form of entertainment, as it was unpredictable and seemingly deadly objects could produce awe and inspiration to the audience. Drama also played a big role during this time period, and plays were acted out only by males and only for the noble class. (McCarthy, para. 3). Perhaps the greatest and most unique time period of all time for the British Isles was the Middle Ages. The feudal system and the role of the monarchy led this seemingly boring piece of time on the path towards greatness in meaning and value. Social skills developed during this time to force humans to cooperate and work together to produce a lifestyle that was beneficial to everyone and not just a leader. Lessons have been learned from this time period, such that it is not perfect. Disputes inside a community cannot be solved easily because they often affect the whole community and there will only be one side. Perhaps there are more lessons to be learned from this time. One can only hope that the future of modern warfare could be secretly embedded in the time of the middle ages. History has a tendency to repeat itself; maybe the time has come for the middle ages.

Movie Summary East is East Essay Example

Movie Summary East is East Paper 1.0 Synopsis Sajid Khan is a British-Pakistani boy who lives in Salford, North of England in 1976. Sajid, now 15, has reached puberty and tried to figure out who he is and where he belongs. His father embraces Pakistani background and forces Sajid to do the same. He doesnt want to embrace his Pakistani life as he was born and raised as an English man. In school, he often gets bullied by his schoolmates due to his Pakistani background. He plays truant to avoid the bullies and to fill his empty mind by shoplifting then get caught. Sajid has two brothers, Nazir, and Maanir. Maanir is in Pakistan on a mission to find a Pakistan girl to wed to and bring her back in the UK and live there. Nazir rarely communicates with them and has an English girlfriend in England who is unaware of his true ethnicity. A devastated George, states all of his other children in England have become British, and he cannot lose Sajid as well. So, he decides to take him to Pakistan to meet his extended family. In Pakistan, Sajid cannot picture himself living there, so he becomes grumpy and ignorant all the time. Later, Sajid gradually appreciates his culture and new surroundings which please George. Sajid’s mother, Ella comes to Pakistan and intended to bring Sajid back to England but surprise to hear that her son isnt coming back home. Ella meets George first wife, they fight at first but instantly makeup, and George told Ella he loves her so much. The film ends with George and his England-based family returning home and Sajid fi nally proud of his Asian background while George is happy now serves Pakistani-style kebabs. (Wikipedia, 2001.) We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary East is East specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary East is East specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary East is East specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2.0 Cultural Elements I. Individualism Vs. Collectivism Scene George and Sajid have just arrived at the airport in Pakistan. When they leave the airport building, a great mass of people including their relatives is outside waiting for the British guests. Sajid is quite confused and mistakenly greets an old beggar woman who is

buy custom Major Strategies behind Implementing Risk Management Programs essay

buy custom Major Strategies behind Implementing Risk Management Programs essay Introduction A risk is the likelihood of the occurrence of something that brings about a loss. Loses can be either direct or indirect depending on the situation. For example, such risks as earthquakes cause a direct loss of buildings. On the other hand, indirect losses include losing customer confidence or reputation, and increased operation costs in the process of recovering. Due to the advancement in technology, risk levels have risen. Therefore, there has been a need to put in place strategies that will be aimed at reducing risks facing an organization. The latter depend on several factors such as the size of a company and the complexity of business procedures. This paper examines various strategies that an organization can use in implementing risk management programs. Risk Management Risk management seeks to reduce, eliminate and control risks with an aim of enhancing advantages and avoiding detrimental effects of provisional exposure. Risk management aims at maximizing the possibility of success and reducing the probability of potential losses. It also involves the process of identifying, monitoring, measuring and controlling risks (Alhawari, Karadsheh, Talet, Mansour, 2012). The process of assessing risks includes identifying, evaluating the impact and recommending reduction measures; risk mitigation entails prioritizing, implementing, and maintaining appropriate risk control (Shenkir Walker, 2007). The major steps of risk management include identifying, establishing, analyzing, developing risk alleviation programs, monitoring and reviewing risk management strategies. The major approaches to the implementation of risk management programs in the field of technology include the following. Communication and Consultation The aim of communication and consultation is to identify people who should be involved in the process of assessing risks including the identification, evaluaion, and analysis of people who will be involved in reviewing and monitoring risks (Shenkir Walker, 2007). Such persons should have understanding of the decision-making process and the reason why certain actions are required when tackling risk issues (Alhawari et al., 2012). It is also important to use modern technology in this process. Establishing the Context Through the process of identifying the context, a company will define parameters that will be taken into consideration when running and setting the extent and risks criteria in a certain process. Establishing the context should be considered deeply to determine how it is associated with the scope of a given risk management program and the technology that may be required in the process. There are some steps, within which a threat should be recognized, and they include the outside context and the environment where a company seeks to achieve its main objectives. The inner context involves the domestic environment where a firm seeks to achieve its aims. The risk management context defines the scope, objectives and parameters of an organization where risk management strategies are applied. The development of risk evaluation criteria mainly aims at evaluating the importance of risks and defining their acceptable levels for a given activity (Shenkir Walker, 2007). The last step is the defi nition of the structure of risk analysis, which entails determining those categories of risks that can be managed. Risks Identification Risk recognition is the fundamental step in the process of threat management. It determines and reveals possible risks that have a high probability of occurring. In this process, various risks are investigated by considering the activities of organizations and all directions and attempts that may cause exposure to risks in the future from the varying external and inner environment. Accurate technology equipment may be used in risk identification. RRisk Analysis Risk analysis aims at assessing the impact of exposure and the likelihood of particular outcomes. The impact of risk exposure should be considered under the elements of quality, benefit, time and resources (Shenkir Walker, 2007). Risk analysis determines the possibility and the consequences of any negative impacts and then estimates the actual level of risks by combining the probability and the outcomes. The risk management team should use the modern technology in carrying out a risk analysis. Risk Evaluation Before one determines the likelihood, it is imperative to consider the risk tolerance level of the organization. The latter should consider the risk appetite and determine acceptable and unacceptable risks. The former levels of risk depend on the degree of voluntaries (Shenkir Walker, 2007). The process of risk assessment gives enough material for decision-making. Risk Treatment The process of risk treatment entails selecting and implementing several options for treating various risks. In addition, it should provide such options for risk treatment as changing the consequences, avoiding risks, changing the likelihood of occurrence, as well as sharing and retaining risks (Alhawari et al., 2012). Monitoring and Review The process of monitoring and reviewing is a necessary and integral part in the risk supervision process. Risks need to be monitored to ensure that the changing environment does not influence risk priorities and ensure that the process of risk management is effective in both operation and design (Radack, 2009). The organization should ensure that it reviews the process of monitoring at least on an annual basis. For the above to work it is imperative for a company to understand the process of organizing risk management (Alhawari et al., 2012). In the process of monitoring, modern technology can also be applied. Buy custom Major Strategies behind Implementing Risk Management Programs essay

Management Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management Practices - Essay Example The general manager’s position was left under Gary’s son, Gary Jr. Currently; the management of the company is under four directors in charge of Operation Management, Sales and Marketing, IT and Procurement, and Human Resource Management. Although the personnel are qualified, there are a number of problems in their respective departments that needs to be addressed. Handling the customers have become quit a problem because some of them demand more services than can be offered e.g. Quick & Tasty Food Chain. This has made the company to use logistic companies to carry out distribution of the products. A logistic company by the name of FeshDist has become very problematic because it is not consistent in the collection of products. This leads to accumulation of product in the warehouse (Thomas, 2007). Tom has been away for quite some time due to sickness and, this has resulted to failure in his department. The staffs are conflicting over small issues with excuses of Tom†™s absences. They have led to complains in the warehouse where Bryan notices that different products are made in one shift. There is also a problem when a new brand is launched. It leads to confusions and complexity in the production schedules because the general manager gives it the first priority. This has led to narrowing of profit margins causing a great risk to the future of the company as noticed by the marketing director. The technology and the IT in the company are not modern and, these have resulted to wastage of electricity and also slow operations of the production process. Ivan in charge of the technology complains that the ovens are left on leading to wastage of energy. He also complains that, if the ovens are put off, they take a lot of time to heat again. Many of the departments in the company use manual methods of maintaining records and information. Bryan uses spreadsheet to record stocks while the sales and marketing department has to prepare records and then tak e them to other offices instead of using the modern information technology. INTRODUCTION Achiffa Organization is a company that manufactures potato based frozen food products. It was started by a man by the name Gary Achiffa Sr. who was growing potatoes in Idahi Falls. He later stopped growing potatoes after sensing the growth of fast food sector in US and stated processing the potatoes into French fries. Today, the company has grown and, it produces a variety of potato products which are then distributed in many cities. Although there is a significant growth in the organization, there are a number of things in terms of technology and operation management that needs to be changed in order to realize tremendous growth. The major products manufactured by the company are hash browns, wedges, waffles and French fries. If the company adapts the new technology, it will be in a position to make other products e.g. potato flakes, potato granules, potato powder among many more potato product s (Moffatt and Hanley, 2001). The founder of the company stopped farming immediately he realized that the sale of the products could do well. When Gary opened the company, he decided to delegate the management duties to his friend’s son, Tom Granham. The founder of the company retired in the late 1990s leaving the management to his descendants. The company is still under the management of his children. Gary Jr. who is the current managing director

Analysis of John Adams Quincys Quote about a Leader Essay - 16

Analysis of John Adams Quincys Quote about a Leader - Essay Example In the contemporary work settings, what fails most of the businesses is not lack of finances or assets. It is the lack of an effective leader who can inspire the followers to visualize success and lead them through as they pursue the company’s goals and objectives. John Adams’ Quincy’s quote indicated above touches on the core of leadership; inspiration. As Adair (2009) puts it, to lead effectively is not just to be at the forefront. Good leadership is evaluated based on various parameters including the ability to inspire and bring out the best from the followers. Quincy says to become a leader one must be able to inspire other people to dream more; to imagine great things. A good leader stimulates their team to set goals and objectives that may sound ridiculous. The leader should instil confidence and a sense of belief amongst the followers. This makes the team develop the resilience that no matter what challenges they go through, they never lose focus and determination on their set goal. For example, in a situation where workers have virtually no substantial plans other than working for the company in the same capacity for years, a Human Resource Manager (leader) may inspire such staffs not only through the words they speak but also actions. In the end, the staff may feel rejuvenated after they are challenged to seek for more out of their lives (Northouse, 2010). Consequently, Quincy talks about learning as an art of demonstrating leadership. A learner is both a learner and a teacher. The behavioral theory of leadership maintains that leadership is as a result of behavior learning. The theory posits that good leaders can be trained and inspired by their mentors (Hoffmann, 2007). The behavioral theory bases its arguments on the ability of humans to learn through observation, hearing or even modelling. This means that leaders can be a source through which followers retrieve skills and knowledge of how to do or how not to do. An influential person with a strong ego is likely to influence learning and behavior change than others.

Fair Value Accounting Essay Example for Free

Fair Value Accounting Essay Topic: To what extent is â€Å"Fair Value Accounting† an effective method in measuring the values of financial instruments in financial statement? In recent years, the breakout of global financial crisis has raised controversial debates about whether or not fair value accounting (FVA) is an effective method in measuring the values of financial instruments (Laux Leuz, 2009). As two main accounting standards around the world, both International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and US Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) have adopted FVA as an accounting method to judge the values of some financial instruments (Mala and Chand, 2011). This essay will argue that although FVA can provide timely and transparent price information to the users of accounting information in some cases, there are potential problems of FVA in measuring the values of financial instruments on account of unreliable evaluation models, biased prices in inefficient markets and a negative price contagion effect. There are three main parts in this essay. Firstly, it will give the definition of FVA and then it will analyze why the effectiveness of FVA may be limited from three aspects, namely unreliable evaluation models, biased prices in inefficient markets and a negative price contagion effect. At last, it will consider the pros of FVA regarding the timely and transparent information it provides in some cases and analyze the pros. According to Financial Accounting Standards 157, fair value accounting can be defined as â€Å"an accounting method to measure the values of assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date†. That is to say, FVA relies on the actual market prices of the financial instruments and records the exact market prices on the financial statements. In fact, FVA replaces historical cost accounting (HCA) with the development of accounting standards (Boyer, 2007). Compared with FVA, historical cost accounting can be described as an accounting measurement of values based on the original or historical cost when the company got the assets or liabilities. For example, a company bought a stock for 50 pounds last year. In this year, the price of the stock increases to 100 pounds. Under FVA, the company should record the value of  the stock at 100 pounds this year while 50 pounds will be recognized under HCA. As the replaced FVA has been regarding as accelerating the global financial crisis, it draws a lot of attention in respect of its potential weaknesses in the accounting field. Firstly, the model to estimate fair values of financial instruments in illiquid markets seems to have insufficient reliability (Laux Leuz 2009 and Mala Chand 2011). If the markets for the identical or similar financial instruments whose values need to be evaluated are active, the available prices can be used to evaluate the fair values of them (Laux Leuz 2009). However, if the markets do not exist, which means the the markets are inactive or illiquid, the fair evaluation model is needed to estimate the fair value of the financial instruments (Ball 2006). Specifically speaking, the model to evaluate fair values of financial instruments rely on the future cash flow of the financial instruments and borrowing rate of the company. The future cash flow can be described as the future cash inflow (income) and outflow (expense) brought by the financial instruments whilst the borrowing rate of a company can be considered as the cost of capital which can be invested in other investments rather than the financial instruments. The users of the evaluation model should firstly predict the future cash flow of the financial instruments and then use the borrowing rate of the company to calculate the present fair values. Ljiri (2005) states that using model to estimate the values of financial instruments provides significant discretionary power to the users and gives uncertainty, which may influence the objectivity of the valuation of financial instruments. Indeed, the same financial instrument could be evaluated differently on account of different estimation of future cash flows and distinct borrowing rate. Because the users of the evaluation model have the power to forecast the future cash flow, different users may have distinct estimations of the same financial instrument based on their perspectives of its future profitability. In addition, different companies may have different borrowing rates due to distinct industries involved. Thus, the above two uncertain factors affects the objectivity of the fair evaluation of the financial instruments, which limits the reliability of the evaluation model. Secondly, the inefficient markets could distort prices, which has a negative effect on the basis of FVA (Laux Leuz 2009). An inefficient market can be defined as a market in which the prices of financial instruments can not be measured accurately due to the inefficient information it provides (Aboody et. al 2002). Additionally, Lim and Brooks (2010) review the empirical literature about the evolution of market efficiency over time and find that the market cannot be always efficient and market inefficiency can be easily caused by investor irrationality and liquidity problems. That is to say, the market prices of financial instruments could be distorted by biased behaviors of investors, such as overconfidence or overreaction to a stock, and liquidity problems, such as illiquid market for a long-term bond. What’s more, the distorted prices can not reflect the real values of financial instruments, which makes FVA lose the reliable basis to measure the fair value of financial instruments. Therefore, the biased prices in the inefficient markets tend to the appropriateness of fair evaluation of financial instruments. Thirdly, Laux and Leuz (2009) argues that FVA could enforce negative price contagion in the financial markets, which has been considered as the main cause of rapid spread of global financial crisis. It is argued that FVA has stimulated the financial crisis in a vicious spiral and leading to the spread and depth of the financial crisis (Begtsoon 2011, Allen and Carletti 2007, Appelbaum 2009 and Jones 2009). To be specific, after financial crisis broke out, the liquidity of financial instruments’ markets dried up, which means very few trades of the financial instruments existed in the markets (Begtsoon 2011). As a result, the market pricing mechanism became dysfunctional because the prices should be evaluated from very few trades, which resulted in low prices of financial instruments (ibid). In turn, the low prices put pressure on the financial statements of some financial institutions in terms of assets depreciation under FVA (Allen Carletti 2008). In order to keep capital requirements, the financial institutions had no choice but to sell assets at low prices, which led to lower prices of financial instruments in the markets and stimulated further assets depreciation on other financial instruments’ financial statements under FVA  (Plantin et al. 2008a). To sum up, the prices in the market could negatively influence the evaluation of financial instruments under FVA and at the same time, the evaluation of financial instruments under FVA could have a further negative effect on the market prices, which forms a vicious circle that can speed up the price contagion and fluctuations. Nevertheless, supporters of FVA believe that FVA can provide transparent and timely information for the users of accounting information (Brown 2008). As Hughes (2009) says, the function of FVA is â€Å"like that of the thermometer-it mirrors reality, it does not create it†. Since FVA can reflect what is happening in the market on the financial statements immediately, it allows the information users to get easy access to the most timely and transparent market information. In addition, Hinks (2009) argues that the useful information provided by FVA allows the investors and regulators to approach to the up-to-date position of financial institutions and encourage them to make corrective decisions. Indeed, it cannot be denied that FVA can provide prompt and transparent price information in some cases. However, it is not always the case which contributes FVA to an effective measurement to value financial instruments. First of all, in an illiquid or inefficient market for some financial instruments, even if FVA could provide timely price information of the financial instruments, the timely information provided is unreliable, which leads to the uselessness of the timely and transparent information provided by FVA. Secondly, even though the financial instruments have an active or efficient market, FVA cannot result in increased transparency of information in financial statements as expected (Krumwiede 2008). Thirdly, under FVA, timely price information would lead to volatility of financial statements (Barth 2004). The continuous volatility of financial statements causes confusion for the users of accounting information and raises the company’s cost to keep accounts. Hence, although FVA could offer some timely and transparent information to the users, these information limits to some extent because of unreliable information, limited transparency and volatility of financial statements. In conclusion, this essay has discussed three aspects limiting the effectiveness of FVA to measure the values of financial instruments, including evaluation model, inefficient markets and price contagion effect. In addition, it also considers the pros of FVA in terms of timely and transparent information provided in some cases. It can be concluded that even though up-to-date and transparent information could be provided by FVA occasionally, the effectiveness of FVA to measure the values of financial instruments has been limited due to the unreliable evaluation model, distorted prices in inefficient markets and a negative price contagion effect. Because of word limit, this essay cannot cover the detailed application of FVA to specific kind of financial instrument. However, the above discussion can clearly show that FVA has some general problems in measuring the values of financial instruments. Based on above analysis, it can be suggested that the problematic aspects of FVA could be improved or revised by providing more clear explanation and more specific regulations by the constitutors of accounting standards and for some specific financial instruments with illiquid or inefficient markets, it is better to use some other methods to measure their values.

Bradstreets The Author to Her Book :: Bradstreet Author to Her Book Essays

In Anne Bradstreet's poem "The Author to Her Book," the controlling metaphor is the image of a baby being born and cared for. This birth imagery expresses the complex attitude of the speaker by demonstrating that the speaker's low regard for her own work and her actions are contradictory. The first effect of the birth imagery is to present the speaker's book as a reflection of what she sees in herself. Unfortunately, the "child" displays blemishes and crippling handicaps, which represent what the speaker sees as deep faults and imperfections in herself. She is not only embarrassed but ashamed of these flaws, even considering them "unfit for light". Although she is repulsed by its flaws, the speaker understands that her book is the offspring of her own "feeble brain", and the lamentable errors it displays are therefore her own. When the speaker's book is returned by the publisher, the speaker's attempt to "wash (the) face" of her child only worsens the image of herself that she sees in it. Washing the child, rubbing off a blemish, and stretching its joints but failing to improve his imperfections all contribute to an image of the speaker rewriting her book, desperately trying to raise its quality up to her high standards, but discovering in the process that its imperfections and errors run too deep to be corrected, as do her own. In the second half of the poem, a new facet of the speaker's attitude is displayed. In line 17, she wants to improve the ugliness of her "child" by giving him new clothes; however, she is too poor to do so, having "nought save homespun cloth" with which to dress her child. In the final stanza, the speaker reveals poverty as her motive for allowing her book to be sent to a publisher (sending her "child" out into the world) in the first place. This makes her attitude seem to contradict her actions.

Reflective Review of Youth Work Practice

My decision to study E131 Introduction to Working with Young people was based on my desire to cement my experiential learning by developing my knowledge of theoretical concepts through academic study. I have worked with young people for seven years, and the majority of my training thus far has been practice based. My current role is as a group worker in a therapeutic community for children and young people. The therapeutic community is a residential provision with a specialist education and therapy centre for children and young people with attachment disruption and trauma leading to social and behavioural difficulties.We also work with children displaying sexualised and self-harming behaviours. The therapeutic milieu which exists within the community is underpinned by an attachment focussed approach and provides stability for chaotic behaviour and a disregulated emotional state. The therapeutic provision is underpinned by an integrated team approach which includes Child Psychotherapy , Clinical and Forensic Psychology, Educational Psychology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Social Work and Counselling.Prior to beginning Open University’s E131 Introduction to Working with Young People, and due to the highly specialised nature of the work I do, I held the belief that I had little to learn relating to youth work. The most significant, and surprising, realisation I experienced whist working through the module was that I will never and can never know everything there is to know about youth work. In fact, the very nature of my role within the Therapeutic Community may have narrowed my view of young people to only the most damaged individuals, which in turn has narrowed my outlook on the issues that young people are faced with today.A young person commented ‘†¦you can’t talk about â€Å"understanding young people† – all young people are different, so you would have to know different things to understand them all’ (The Open University, 2005, Study Topic 3, pg 5). This statement impacted me in a way that I didn’t expect. Not only in my working life, but also in my view of young people in general. When working with the most damaged children in society the danger is that all young people become viewed as potentially violent, harmful and not to be trusted.This view is contradictory to the very nature of youth work as set out in the National Youth agency’s Ethical Principles, which states ‘youth workers have a commitment to treat young people with respect, valuing each individual and avoiding negative discrimination’ (Harrison and Wise, 2005, pg 20). Although I do not feel my practice is discriminatory, my somewhat insular views on young people, and preoccupation with high risk behaviour in my working life, may have negatively influenced my ability to ‘value the individual’.This is an area that, due to my learning throughout the module, I have made a concerted effort to address. I have renewed my efforts to look past the negative behaviour and the diagnoses to view the young people I work with as individuals who are not defined by their circumstances. This has had a positive impact on my working practice as I continue to reflect on ways in which I can be more open to the individual needs of the young people with whom I work. The learning throughout the module has also given me the opportunity to come to terms with and challenge another view I was unaware I held.I had given little consideration to the view I held on youth work in general other than my belief that the work I do is not technically ‘youth work’ but rather more specialised and important. This is a view I now consider to be arrogant and unhelpful. Howard Williamson states that the ‘public perception of youth work is still largely locked into ideas about youth clubs and table tennis and pool’ (Williamson, 2005, pg 70), and prior to beginning this module I mus t admit that I held a similar misconception.However, Williamson’s account of his own experiences of youth work and the positive impact it has on the lives of young people has altered my perception. Although this has not directly impacted on my working practice, it has enabled me to view my role as a group and individual worker within the wider context of youth work, and realise the importance of broadening the experiences of the young people with whom I work, through valuing the opportunities on offer within the wider community.The shift in my view of youth work has also enabled me to consider the challenges that exist in my own work setting. One of the fundamental principles of youth work is the ‘voluntary principal’ (Jeffs, cited in The Open University, 2005, Study Topic 12, pg 5). This is described as ‘the kind of work where young people can choose not to take part†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (The Open University, 2005, Study Topic 1, pg 5). Within the setting of a t herapeutic community, and specifically within the context of my role as group worker, I find it difficult to describe the opportunities on offer for the young people as voluntary.For example, the therapeutic, social and educational workshop programme, which young people who are resident in the therapeutic community have access to during the school holidays, is considered to be voluntary, although it is incentivised through access to days out and rewards for attendance. However, some of the young people resident within the community may consider that their placements are not voluntary, making it difficult to consider any of the interventions on offer as such.Although I accept that youth work in its truest form should be voluntary, it has been difficult for me to accept that the work that takes place with the young people within the Therapeutic Community is any less valuable. The young people with whom I work are the most damaged in the country and would not be able to access the type of support they need without what Mark Smith calls coercive forms of participation (Smith, cited in The Open University, 2005, Study Topic 2, pg 31). Should we let them choose to avoid forming relationships and realising their potential forever simply to retain a puritanical view of what youth work is supposed to be?Or should we, as adults, do everything in our power to prevent these young people, who society has already failed, become casualties of that failure? Mark Smith also introduced the idea that targeting ‘at risk’ young people for focussed work as a negative progression in terms of youth work in its purest form. Smith feels that ‘the identification of specific target groups has the potential to lead to a narrowing of the diversity of young people worked with’ (2003, cited in The Open University, 2005, Study Topic 2, pg 30).Although I agree with Smiths statement, I am also aware of the funding limitations which exist, and am a strong believer that the most vulnerable or ‘at risk’ young people in society are a priority in terms of accessing the support they need. Despite my desire to defend the work I do, and its less than voluntary nature, my practice has been positively impacted by reflecting on the reason why the ‘voluntary principal’ is so highly regarded in relation to youth work.Within the process of planning the therapeutic, social and education groups within our group work programme, I have realised the important of extensive consultation with the young people to ensure the topics covered are relevant to them; something they are interested in and value, rather than what I feel they need or want. In this regard, I have been able to ensure that group participation is due to values that are closer to the concept outlined by the ‘voluntary principal’ than the idea of coercive participation.The impact of my shift in perspective on the young people within the therapeutic community is ye t to be evidenced, but the planning process for the groups has been much more focussed. Bruce Tuckman (cited in the Open University, 2005, Study Topic 6) has identified the five stages in a group’s life, his concept names the stages as Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Morning. As a group worker this concept underpins my practice in that my observations of the group and its progress are linked to identifying the stage in which the group is functioning and adapting my role as facilitator accordingly.Due to the chaotic nature of the client group within the therapeutic community the group regularly revisits the Storming stage of group development. In Study Topic 6, (The Open University, 2005, pg 27) this stage has been identified as a time when ‘there may be overt or covert antagonism towards the group worker’. When reflecting on my role as group facilitator, the reaffirmation of the pressures placed on me during this stage has been helpful. I have been rem inded about the importance of regular reflection in relation to the emotive aspect of group work in order to ensure the experience is safe and effective for the young people involved.In addition, the reflections of Guy Butler-Madden a Youth Support Worker at Lowbridge Youth Centre (Audio theme 6), in relation to the ‘storming’ stage of the DofE groups, impacted my learning through developing a shared understanding of some of the more challenging aspects of group work with others who work in a similar field. The final area of the module which has impacted on my learning is the importance of reflection. Study Topic 10 introduced the work of Donald Schon (1996) who advocated the ‘reflective practitioner approach to professional decision making’ (cited in the Open University, 2005, Study Topic 10, pg 6).Schon emphasises the importance of reflection for professional development and problem solving, rather than relying on ‘off the peg solutions’. Thi s concept has significantly impacted my approach to the work I do, in as much as I have introduced a weekly reflective space with my colleagues in order to consider decision making and problem solving in a formal setting. The act of practicing the art of reflection in a formal setting should impact my learning in that reflection will become second nature, thus improving my practice.In conclusion, the most significant impact my learning from the module has had on what I have already learned in my work with young people, has been identifying and challenging some of my preconceptions. In particular I feel that studying E131 has helped me gain a better understanding youth work in its purest form, its purpose and its values; and has allowed me to view youth work as a valuable tool in aiding young people through their transition into adulthood. My understanding of group process has been cemented and I have developed an insight into the challenges faced by other organisations in relation t o group dynamics.Finally, I have learned the value of effective reflection, and how professional development through using my knowledge as a fluid tool to enable effective decision making, rather than having a ridged view of the way an issue should be approached, can lead to more positive outcomes. All of these areas have impacted on what I have already learned from working with young people by allowing me to view my role within the wider context of youth work. My outlook has shifted insomuch as I now feel part of a wider agenda which seeks to enable young people to transition successfully and positively into adulthood.

The Revolutionary Era During The 1760 S - 1651 Words

Jacquelyn Cox During the 1760’s, slavery was a normal and well-structured part of American society despite the tremendous amount of problems with the institution. Slaveholders often treated their slaves like disposable property, which rightfully angered blacks, and many whites questioned the act of owning another human being. As time moved forward, the country fell into a state of despair over many issues, including slavery, and these problems caused the North and South to go to war with each other. Though the war was not started to declare the fate of slavery, blacks mostly fought on the side of the North in hopes that they would prove to whites that they deserved to be treated as equals. Slavery went from being codified in the Revolutionary era to being abolished in the Reconstruction era due to the rise of multiracial rebellion and organization. During the Revolutionary era, slavery had a stronghold in the U.S. Despite this, the Revolution had influenced many to define what they thought freedom was. Slavery existed in every colony and some people claimed that the enslavement of blacks allowed for whites to live better lives. Slaves argued that they were just as human as their masters, and fought during the Revolution in order to be free from servitude. Their fighting appeared to have changed some of the existing attitudes towards slavery. Some states allowed any black that participated in the Revolution to be set free, and some plantation owners released theirShow MoreRelatedAmerican Revolution : The Great United States Of America1565 Words   |  7 Pagesway to the top. Yet before all that occurred there were other events that circulated George Washington s leading. During the 1760 s a lot of events occurred that changed and developed the world . It wasn t always for the best, but it was always for what people belie ved was right. It was the fighting of the countries freedom and peace . If no one did, than who would? Around the 1760 s people persecuted that a revolution would occur . For their convenience the desired that , and so much moreRead MoreThe Age Of Reason By Thomas Paine1089 Words   |  5 Pages18th-century writer of essays and pamphlets. Among them were The Age of Reason, regarding the place of religion in society; Rights of Man, a piece defending the French Revolution; and Common Sense, which was published during the American Revolution. Common Sense, Paine s most influential piece, brought his ideas to a vast audience, swaying (the otherwise undecided) public opinion to the view that independence from the British was a necessity. Thomas Paine was born in England in 1737, to aRead MoreComparing the American and French Revolutions1488 Words   |  6 Pagestaxation (Tatsiana Amosava, 2011). 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